Individual tests

Creatine Kinase is an enzyme found in heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. This test detects muscle inflammation or damage due to muscle disorders.
Anti-CCP are autoantibodies your immune system produces. Autoantibodies can cause disease by attacking the body's healthy cells by mistake. Anti-CCP attacks healthy tissues in the joints, which can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. If CCP antibodies are present in your blood, it can be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-CCP and another test, called an RF test, are usually done to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.
D-dimer is a protein fragment produced when a blood clot dissolves in your body. Blood clots prevent you from losing too much blood when injured. Normally, your body will dissolve the clot once your injury heals. With a clotting disorder, clots form when you aren't injured or don't dissolve when they should. These conditions are serious and potentially life-threatening. A D-dimer test can show if you have one of these conditions.
Double-stranded DNA antibodies (ds-DNA Ab) are found primarily in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are important but not entirely sufficient for diagnosing the condition. Such antibodies are present in 80% to 90% of SLE cases. They are also found in smaller fractions of patients with other rheumatic disorders and chronic active hepatitis, mononucleosis, and biliary cirrhosis.
HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is seen as “good” cholesterol because it helps absorb cholesterol in the blood and carries it back to the liver. The liver then flushes it from the body. High HDL cholesterol levels mean you have a lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
Homocysteine is an amino acid that your body uses to make proteins. Normally, vitamin B12, B6, and folic acid (also called folate or vitamin B9) quickly break down homocysteine and change it into other substances your body needs. High levels of homocysteine in your blood may indicate that this process isn't working properly or that you lack certain B vitamins. This test can suggest vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid deficiency, or assess risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
Troponin-I is a protein found in your heart muscles. When these muscles become damaged, troponin is released into the bloodstream. High levels of troponin in the blood may mean you are having or recently had a heart attack. Quick diagnosis and treatment can save your life.
Troponin-T is a protein found in your heart muscles. When the muscles become damaged, troponin is sent into the bloodstream. High levels of troponin in the blood may mean you are having or recently had a heart attack which happens when blood flow to the heart gets blocked. This blockage can be deadly. However, quick diagnosis and treatment can save your life.
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein from your liver. Typically, you have low levels in your blood. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test can detect CRP at lower levels than standard tests. This assesses heart disease and stroke risk in individuals suspected to be at risk of disease.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is mainly found in saliva, tears, respiratory and gastric secretions, and breast milk. IgA protects against infection in the respiratory tract (sinus and lungs) and the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines). This test checks your immune system for disorders if you are often sick with infections or diarrhea and can help detect certain types of cancer.
IgG antibodies are essential for fighting bacterial and viral infections. Most of the immunoglobulins in your blood are IgG. This test helps check your immune system health if you are often sick with infections or diarrhea. It also detects certain types of autoimmune disorders and cancer.
IgM (Immunoglobulin M) are your immune system's largest antibodies. They provide general but short-term protection against new infections. This test checks immune system health if you are frequently sick with infections or diarrhea and helps detect autoimmune disorders and certain types of cancer.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme which plays an important role in making your body's energy. It is found in almost all the body's tissue, including those in the blood, heart, kidneys, brain, and lungs. When these tissues are damaged, they release LDH into the bloodstream or other body fluids. If your LDH blood or fluid levels are high, it may mean certain tissues in your body have been damaged by disease or injury.
LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. It is sometimes called "bad" cholesterol because high levels cause a buildup in your arteries. Over time, the plaque hardens, narrowing your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood, which is why a high level of LDL cholesterol is a risk factor for vascular and heart diseases.
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