Individual tests

Anti-CCP are autoantibodies your immune system produces. Autoantibodies can cause disease by attacking the body's healthy cells by mistake. Anti-CCP attacks healthy tissues in the joints, which can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. If CCP antibodies are present in your blood, it can be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-CCP and another test, called an RF test, are usually done to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.
DHEAS is important in testosterone and estrogen production. It plays a role in the development of male sexual characteristics at puberty. DHEAS is mostly made in the adrenal glands. Smaller amounts of DHEAS are made in a man’s testicles and a woman’s ovaries. Abnormal DHEAS levels may suggest a problem with your adrenal glands, testicles, or ovaries.
Double-stranded DNA antibodies (ds-DNA Ab) are found primarily in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are important but not entirely sufficient for diagnosing the condition. Such antibodies are present in 80% to 90% of SLE cases. They are also found in smaller fractions of patients with other rheumatic disorders and chronic active hepatitis, mononucleosis, and biliary cirrhosis.
Estradiol, the most important form of estrogen, plays a vital role in sexual development. This test is used to determine the cause of early or late puberty, evaluate how the ovaries function, and monitor the progression of pregnancy or fertility treatment.
Testosterone is known as a "male" sex hormone, but females also have smaller amounts. It causes body hair, muscle growth, and a deepening voice after puberty in males. It controls sex drive, muscle mass, and helps make sperm. In females, testosterone is important for the growth of bones and muscles. A free testosterone levels test can help diagnose early or delayed puberty.
FSH works closely with another hormone called LH to control sexual functions. In women, these tests help find the cause of infertility, assess ovarian function, find the reason for irregular or stopped menstrual periods, and confirm the start of menopause or perimenopause. In men, these tests can find the cause of infertility, the reason for a low sperm count, or a problem with the testicles. In children, these tests can help diagnose early or delayed puberty.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is mainly found in saliva, tears, respiratory and gastric secretions, and breast milk. IgA protects against infection in the respiratory tract (sinus and lungs) and the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines). This test checks your immune system for disorders if you are often sick with infections or diarrhea and can help detect certain types of cancer.
IGF-1 is a hormone that manages the human growth hormone's (GH) effects. Together, IGF-1 and GH promote the normal growth of bones and tissues. GH levels in the blood fluctuate depending on your diet and activity levels, but IGF-1 levels remain stable. So, an IGF-1 test is useful for determining if your body is making a normal amount of GH. The test helps diagnose growth disorders.
IgG antibodies are essential for fighting bacterial and viral infections. Most of the immunoglobulins in your blood are IgG. This test helps check your immune system health if you are often sick with infections or diarrhea. It also detects certain types of autoimmune disorders and cancer.
IgM (Immunoglobulin M) are your immune system's largest antibodies. They provide general but short-term protection against new infections. This test checks immune system health if you are frequently sick with infections or diarrhea and helps detect autoimmune disorders and certain types of cancer.
PTH is a hormone your parathyroid glands make, which helps control the calcium level in your blood. If calcium blood levels are too low, your parathyroid glands will release PTH to raise calcium levels. If calcium levels are too high, these glands will stop making PTH. This test helps diagnose hyperparathyroidism (too much PTH) and hypoparathyroidism (too little PTH), monitor kidney disease, and determine whether high calcium blood levels relate to parathyroid glands.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is synthesized and secreted by gonadotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Along with the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), it is essential for proper reproductive function. In females, an acute rise of LH triggers ovulation; in males, it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. This test typically finds the cause of infertility or irregular or stopped menstrual periods.
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