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The CA 125 test is a blood test used to monitor ovarian cancer. CA 125 is a type of protein produced by ovarian cancer cells. This test is often used to monitor the progression of ovarian cancer after treatment or to detect early recurrence. High levels of CA 125 may be a sign of ovarian cancer or other gynecological diseases. However, this test is not used to diagnose cancer because CA 125 levels can also be elevated in some other benign conditions.
Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by parasites, is mostly symptomless, except for those with weak immune systems and babies whose mothers become infected for the first time during pregnancy. Problems can include damage to the brain, eyes, and other organs. It is mainly caused by contact with waste from an infected cat or eating contaminated meat. Qualitative determination of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) to aid in the determination of immune status of individuals including pregnant women. If IgG antibody is detected, it is recommended that IgM testing be performed if more precise knowledge of the time of infection is needed (e.g., pregnant women). A positive IgM but a negative IgG result should be viewed with suspicion; the patient should be retested two weeks after the first test.
The CA 15-3 test is a blood test used in monitoring and predicting the progression of breast cancer. CA 15-3 is a tumor marker found on the surface of breast cancer cells. This test measures the concentration of CA 15-3 in the blood. The main purpose of the CA 15-3 test is to monitor treatment response and detect recurrence of breast cancer in diagnosed patients. Elevated CA 15-3 levels may indicate disease progression or the appearance of metastases. It’s important to note that CA 15-3 levels can also be elevated in some non-cancerous conditions such as liver inflammation, cirrhosis, thyroid disease, and lung disease. Therefore, the interpretation of CA 15-3 test results needs to be combined with other diagnostic methods such as clinical examination, imaging, and biopsy.
When food is ingested, the carbohydrates within the food are broken down into glucose molecules. Glucose provides energy for cellular processes and aids metabolism within the body. When an individual is hyperglycemic and cannot properly regulate their blood glucose level they are considered diabetic. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking pancreatic beta cells (cells that produce insulin) and Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. In women, LH is responsible for triggering ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the ovary. LH levels surge just before ovulation, causing the release of the egg. This test typically finds the cause of infertility or irregular or stopped menstrual periods. In men, LH stimulates the production of testosterone. This test is often used to identify the cause of infertility or irregular menstrual periods in women, and testosterone deficiency in men.
A Pap smear is where cells are collected from the cervix and sent to a lab to check for signs of cancer or for HPV, a virus that can cause cervical cancer. Pap smears and HPV tests are cervical cancer screening tests that look for cancer before you have any symptoms.
Dengue NS1 antigen is found in serum during the acute phase of infection, typically during days 1-5 after the onset of symptoms. NS1 antigen may be positive when IgM detection assays are negative. After three days of symptoms, the viral antigen level in the blood drops so low that the test might be negative.
Pathtezt is intended as a replacement for the conventional method of Pap smear tests in screening for atypical cells, cervical cancer, or its precursor lesions (LSIL, HSIL). These smears are high-quality and cost-effective.
Schistosoma is a parasitic worm that causes the worrisome disease schistosomiasis. Upon entering the body, it triggers an immune response that produces specific antibodies, including IgG. The Schistosoma IgG test is a valuable tool for detecting antibodies against Schistosoma, thus diagnosing schistosomiasis. Not only is it an effective screening test, but it also provides important information for assessing the infection status and monitoring treatment effectiveness. However, the test results need to be carefully analyzed, combined with clinical factors and exposure history to reach the most accurate diagnosis. A negative result does not completely rule out the possibility of Schistosoma infection and needs to be reassessed in the specific context of each individual.
Rubella (also known as epidemic roseola or German measles) is a disease caused by the rubella virus. It is transmitted from person to person by tiny droplets that are inhaled. Rubella can cause a miscarriage or severe birth defects if a woman is infected while pregnant, especially during the first trimester. In the absence of a current or recent infection, a demonstration of specific IgG on a serum sample is evidence of immunity to rubella.
Ascaris lumbricoides is a parasite that causes disease when contaminated food containing its eggs is ingested. Infections are usually asymptomatic, especially if the number of worms is small. However, they may be accompanied by inflammation, fever, diarrhea, and other serious problems. Detection of specific IgM antibodies is evidence of a current or recent infection.
Albumin is the main protein in blood. When healthy kidneys clean waste from your blood, at most, a trace of albumin will get through the filters. Small amounts of albumin in urine, sometimes called microalbumin, can indicate possible kidney disease. Microalbumin:creatinine ratio urine test checks for very small amounts of albumin in a urine sample.
The Cysticercosis (T. solium) ELISA test is a semi-quantitative enzyme immunoassay for the detection of IgM antibodies to Cysticercosis (T. solium) in human serum or plasma samples.
Clonorchis is a liver fluke parasite that can also infect the gallbladder and bile duct. Humans may be infected by eating raw or undercooked fish. While often symptomless, long-term infections can result in severe illness. Detection of specific IgM antibodies provides evidence of a current or recent infection.
Amebiasis is a disease caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. Only about 10% to 20% of people who are infected with E. histolytica become sick from the infection. The test usually indicates that you might get this parasite in the past or currently.
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, also known as rat lungworm, is a parasite that can infect humans when they consume undercooked or raw snails, slugs, or other animals. The worm larvae can invade the central nervous system and cause eosinophilic meningitis. To diagnose rat lungworm infection, IgM and IgG tests are used to detect antibodies against this parasite. IgM test: This test detects IgM antibodies, a type of antibody that usually appears early after infection. A positive IgM result may indicate a recent or active infection.
The Trichinella spiralis IgM test is a useful tool for early detection of trichinosis, a parasitic infection caused by consuming raw or undercooked meat. By detecting IgM antibodies, which appear soon after infection, this test helps accurately diagnose trichinosis. If you experience symptoms such as muscle pain, fever, fatigue, swelling around the eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting, consider taking this test. The simple procedure involves taking a small blood sample from a vein in your arm. A positive result confirms that you have been infected with Trichinella spiralis, while a negative result may indicate that you are not infected or the test was done too early for detection.
Rubella (also known as epidemic roseola, German measles) is a disease caused by the rubella virus. It is transmitted from person to person by tiny droplets that are inhaled. Rubella can cause a miscarriage or serious birth defects if a woman is infected while pregnant, especially during the first trimester. Detection of specific IgM antibodies can provide evidence of a current or recent rubella virus infection.
Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries in women. It plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for pregnancy. Progesterone levels rise during the menstrual cycle after ovulation and help thicken the lining of the uterus in preparation for a fertilized egg. If the egg is fertilized, progesterone levels continue to rise, supporting the pregnancy until the placenta takes over hormone production.
Magnesium is a charged electrolyte mineral. It is responsible for many important bodily functions and processes, including ensuring your muscles, nerves, and heart work properly and controlling blood pressure and blood sugar.
