Individual tests

This test measures antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance group A streptococcus bacteria produces. A marked rise or a persistently elevated antibody count indicates that a streptococcus infection or post-streptococcal sequelae are present.
Calcium is an essential mineral for forming and maintaining healthy teeth and bones. It helps your muscles send messages through the nervous system, and blood vessels contract, expand, and secrete hormones and enzymes. A long-term calcium deficiency can lead to dental changes, nerve malfunction, and brittle bones.
Chloride is an electrolyte that helps control the distribution of fluid and the pH balance in your body. Chloride is often measured with other electrolytes to diagnose or monitor conditions such as heart failure and kidney or liver disease.
C3 is part of the complement system, a group of nearly 60 proteins that work with your immune system, playing a role in protecting the body from infections and removing dead cells or foreign materials. This blood test is often used to diagnose or monitor autoimmune disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
The complement system consists of almost 60 proteins that work together to promote immune and inflammatory responses, destroy and remove foreign pathogens like bacteria and viruses, as well as damaged “self” materials (e.g. cells and proteins). C3 and C4 are the most frequently measured complement proteins. These tests measure the amount or activity of complement C4 in the blood.
Anti-CCP are autoantibodies your immune system produces. Autoantibodies can cause disease by attacking the body's healthy cells by mistake. Anti-CCP attacks healthy tissues in the joints, which can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. If CCP antibodies are present in your blood, it can be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-CCP and another test, called an RF test, are usually done to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.
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