Individual tests

This test measures antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance group A streptococcus bacteria produces. A marked rise or a persistently elevated antibody count indicates that a streptococcus infection or post-streptococcal sequelae are present.
C3 is part of the complement system, a group of nearly 60 proteins that work with your immune system, playing a role in protecting the body from infections and removing dead cells or foreign materials. This blood test is often used to diagnose or monitor autoimmune disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
The complement system consists of almost 60 proteins that work together to promote immune and inflammatory responses, destroy and remove foreign pathogens like bacteria and viruses, as well as damaged “self” materials (e.g. cells and proteins). C3 and C4 are the most frequently measured complement proteins. These tests measure the amount or activity of complement C4 in the blood.
Anti-CCP are autoantibodies your immune system produces. Autoantibodies can cause disease by attacking the body's healthy cells by mistake. Anti-CCP attacks healthy tissues in the joints, which can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness. If CCP antibodies are present in your blood, it can be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-CCP and another test, called an RF test, are usually done to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.
Double-stranded DNA antibodies (ds-DNA Ab) are found primarily in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are important but not entirely sufficient for diagnosing the condition. Such antibodies are present in 80% to 90% of SLE cases. They are also found in smaller fractions of patients with other rheumatic disorders and chronic active hepatitis, mononucleosis, and biliary cirrhosis.
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