Individual tests

AFP is a type of tumor marker produced by cancer cells or normal cells in response to cancer. High levels of AFP can indicate cancer of the liver, ovaries, or testicles. However, other non-cancerous conditions can also increase AFP levels, so this test alone can't fully diagnose cancer.
This test determines whether or not you have adequate apo A-I levels, diagnosing specific apo A deficiency and helping assess your risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Apolipoprotein B (or Apo B, for short) is a protein that helps carry fat and cholesterol through your body. Your body needs fat and cholesterol to produce hormones and keep cells healthy. As they don't dissolve well in the blood, they may cause plaque buildup in your blood vessels, possibly leading to heart disease.
Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-1 ratio is an index reflecting the balance between atherogenic lipoprotein particles and anti-atherogenic lipoprotein particles. When this balance is disrupted, atherosclerosis progresses, leading to stroke. Additionally, the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio is also a strong predictor of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, angina, and heart failure, compared to conventional lipid tests like total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol.
This test helps monitor certain cancers during and after treatment and checks for recurrence. It can identify early signs of ovarian cancer in high-risk patients. Some non-cancerous conditions can increase the level of this protein, such as menstruation and uterine fibroids. Certain cancers may also cause an increased level of CA 125, including ovarian, endometrial, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers.
If your CA 15-3 results are elevated, additional testing is needed to diagnose breast cancer. If the elevation is minimal, you may need to watch, wait, and order a repeat test 4-6 weeks later. The CA 15-3 elevations in non-cancerous conditions tend to be stable over time. If elevation persists or increases, you may need additional testing, such as breast ultrasound, mammography, or a CT scan
The CA 19.9 quantitative test screens for abnormalities related to the pancreas and bile.
Cancer antigen CA72-4 is a tumor marker found elevated in various human malignant tumors, including ovarian, gastrointestinal (i.e., stomach, colon, and small bowel), and pancreatic cancer. It is used to manage metastatic and recurrent cancer and assess antitumor therapy response.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein of the developing fetus. CEA levels gradually decrease or disappear after birth. In adults, abnormal CEA levels can indicate cancer. Smoking can also increase CEA. The test helps monitor treatment and checks for the recurrence of cancers of the colon, thyroid gland, rectum, lung, breast, liver, pancreas, stomach, and ovaries.
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that occurs naturally in your muscle cells, while CK-MB mainly occurs in your heart's muscle cells. Damage to heart muscle cells causes CK-MB to leak into your blood. This test helps detect how much CK-MB enzyme is in your blood. If there’s more CK-MB in your blood than there should be, it can be a sign you’ve had a heart attack.
Creatine Kinase is an enzyme found in heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. This test detects muscle inflammation or damage due to muscle disorders.
CYFRA 21-1 is useful as a tumor marker, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), CEA, SCC, and other epithelial tumors such as in bladder cancer. This elevation in tumors may be due to cell lysis releasing cell contents into the blood.
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