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The CA 19-9 test is a blood test used to monitor pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers. CA 19-9 is a type of protein produced by cancer cells. This test is often used to monitor the progression of cancer after treatment or to detect early recurrence. High levels of CA 19-9 may be a sign of pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, or other gastrointestinal diseases. However, this test is not used to diagnose cancer because CA 19-9 levels can also be elevated in some other benign conditions.

PSA is a protein made by your prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. The test is used to screen for prostate cancer. Cancer screening means looking for signs of cancer before symptoms appear. But screening tests can’t diagnose cancer. If a screening test finds signs of cancer, you’ll need other tests to determine if you have cancer and how serious it may be.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is a blood test that measures the level of carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood. CEA is a protein that is normally present at high levels in fetal blood but decreases to low levels in healthy adults. Elevated levels of CEA may indicate certain types of cancer, including colorectal, lung, breast, thyroid, liver, and stomach cancers. The CEA test is used to monitor the progression of cancer, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and detect cancer recurrence. 

The Free PSA / Total PSA Ratio test is a blood test used to assess the risk of prostate cancer in men. PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) is a protein produced by the prostate gland. PSA exists in two forms: free PSA and bound PSA. The Free PSA / Total PSA Ratio compares the amount of free PSA to the total amount of PSA in the blood. This test is often used when the total PSA level is in a gray area where diagnosing prostate cancer is challenging. A low Free PSA / Total PSA Ratio may indicate a higher risk of prostate cancer. However, this test is not used to diagnose prostate cancer, but rather as a tool to help doctors assess risk and decide on next steps, such as a prostate biopsy.

The BRCA1, 2 test is a genetic test used to detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These genes play an important role in suppressing tumor growth. When there are mutations in these genes, the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and several other types of cancer increases. This test is usually indicated for people with a family history of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or cancers related to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The test results will help the doctor assess cancer risk and provide appropriate prevention or treatment methods.