. Strongyloidiasis is an infection caused by the parasitic roundworm (nematode) Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm). The disease primarily affects the intestines but can spread to other organs. Infection occurs when the parasite's larvae penetrate the skin of humans who come into contact with contaminated soil. Once inside the body, the larvae migrate through the skin to the lungs, then ascend the respiratory tract to be swallowed, reaching the intestines, where they mature and reproduce.
. The symptoms can range from mild to severe, and many individuals may remain asymptomatic. The symptoms include: abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating, skin rashes, usually in the form of an itchy, raised area, cough, shortness of breath, and other respiratory symptoms, eosinophilia is often present.
. In severe cases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals (such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, or those on immunosuppressive therapy), the infection can cause hyperinfection or disseminated strongyloidiasis, which is life-threatening and affects multiple organs.
. Detection of IgG antibodies indicates past or chronic infection. Early diagnosis helps guide appropriate treatment, reducing the risk of complications, such as disseminated disease, improving patient outcomes, and also valuable for monitoring the efficacy of treatment.