HIV / Resistance Genotyping (Integrase) On Proviral DNA [Whole Blood] **

. The HP breath test Urea 13C is particularly useful for diagnosing and assessing the effectiveness of treatment for HP infection without the need for endoscopy. It is recommended for individuals showing symptoms of peptic ulcers, epigastric pain, indigestion, or with a family history of HP-related diseases.
. It is a non-invasive test that operates on the principle that the patient ingests a solution containing Urea 13C (a form of isotopic urea), which HP bacteria (if present) will break down into CO2 containing 13C. This CO2 is absorbed into the bloodstream, travels to the lungs, and is exhaled. The breath sample is collected and analyzed for 13C-containing CO2, which helps confirm the presence of HP bacteria.

The Brucellosis IgG, IgM test is performed to detect the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood against Brucella bacteria, the causative agent of brucellosis (also known as undulant fever or Malta fever). This test helps determine whether a patient has a Brucella infection and can differentiate between acute and chronic infections

. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
. The disease can affect all parts of the body, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common form (accounting for 80–85% of total cases) and serving as the primary source of transmission to others.

. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
. The disease can affect all parts of the body, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common form (accounting for 80–85% of total cases) and serving as the primary source of transmission to others.
. Direct sputum smear for AFB: all people with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms must have their sputum tested.
. To facilitate the patient’s diagnosis on the day of the medical examination, testing 2 sputum samples on-site should be applied, instead of testing 3 sputum samples as before. The patient should be carefully instructed on how to collect the sputum sample correctly, the time of sample 1 and sample 2 must be at least 2 hours apart.
Source: Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis No. 1314/QD-BYT 2020.

. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common cause of sexually transmitted venereal infection in the world.
. Chlamydia trachomatis can cause serious complications in women: cervicitis, urethritis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy and infertility.
. Vertical transmission to neonates during parturition can result in inclusion conjunctivitis or pneumonia. Pregnant woman should test for chlamydia trachomatis at her first prenatal visit.
. Chlamydia trachomatis can cause serious complications in men: urethritis and epididymitis.
. A positive result of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG indicates past, current, or chronic infection, while positive IgM antibodies suggest a recent infection.