The HCV Ab test, or Hepatitis C antibody test, is a simple blood test that checks for past infection with the Hepatitis C virus. This virus primarily targets the liver, potentially causing various levels of liver damage. The test searches for antibodies to the Hepatitis C virus, which are substances the body produces in reaction to being infected. A positive result doesn't necessarily mean the virus is currently present, but rather that there has been exposure at some point. Further testing, like a viral load test, would be required to determine if the infection is current. The Hepatitis C antibody test is often included in regular medical screenings, especially if there is a higher risk for Hepatitis C or indications of liver issues.