HBcAb

. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the liver.
. HAV is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water or close contact with an infected person. Poor sanitation and hygiene are common risk factors.
. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, jaundice, and normal/pale stools. While the infection is usually self-limiting, it can sometimes lead to severe complications, especially in older adults or those with underlying liver disease.
. HAV IgM antibodies indicate an acute or recent infection, as they appear early during the infection and usually disappear within 3–6 months.
. HAV IgG antibodies indicate past infection or immunity, from prior exposure or vaccination. IgG antibodies typically remain present for life, providing long-term protection against reinfection.

The Hepatitis B (HBV) genotype sequencing test analyzes the HBV DNA to determine the virus’s genotype. It can help determine how a patient will respond to therapy and how their disease will progress.

. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a highly contagious virus that infects the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.
. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood, sexual contact, sharing needles, from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth, and through contaminated medical equipment or blood transfusions.
. Symptoms of HBV infection include fatigue, jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, and nausea, although many infections, especially in early stages, are asymptomatic.
. HBsAb is a protein produced by the immune system in response to the HBsAg. it indicates that a person has developed immunity to Hepatitis B, either from a prior infection with recovery, when HBsAg is no longer detectable, or from successful vaccination.
. Clinically, HBsAb is useful in screening to determine whether an individual is immune to HBV or requires vaccination, and it is also used to monitor immunity levels in high-risk populations, such as healthcare workers. Furthermore, it helps differentiate between immunity acquired through vaccination and that acquired through natural infection when interpreted alongside other markers like HBcAb.
. A protective level of HBsAb is typically considered ≥10 mIU/mL, which indicates adequate immunity (WHO).

The COBAS TaqMan HBV Test is a real-time PCR assay that can detect Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and determine its genotype.

. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a highly contagious virus that infects the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.
. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood, sexual contact, sharing needles, from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth, and through contaminated medical equipment or blood transfusions.
. Symptoms of HBV infection include fatigue, jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, and nausea, although many infections, especially in early stages, are asymptomatic.
. HBeAb is an antibody produced in response to the clearance of HBeAg and typically indicates a reduction in viral replication and lower infectivity. Its presence suggests that the infection is transitioning into a less active phase or that treatment has been effective.
Note: HBeAb is usually interpreted alongside other HBV tests, such as HBsAg, HBV DNA, and liver function tests, for a comprehensive assessment.