Deoxypyridinoline (DPD) **

This test helps screen for liver cancer by measuring AFP and PIVKA-II. It can improve early detection and assess individual risk, especially in people with chronic hepatitis B or C. Note: This is a screening tool only and does not replace imaging or professional medical evaluation. Results should be interpreted by a healthcare specialist.

PIVKA-II (des-carboxylated prothrombin, DCP) is an abnormal form of prothrombin that can appear in cases of vitamin K deficiency or in patients treated with warfarin or phenprocoumon. These des-carboxylated prothrombins are functionally defective and cannot bind calcium or phospholipids. Measuring PIVKA-II allows early detection of biochemical vitamin K deficiency before the results of conventional coagulation tests change or bleeding occurs. PIVKA-II is absent in healthy individuals, but it may appear in liver disease or liver cancer even without vitamin K deficiency. This test helps in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as monitoring them during therapy.

The Bartonella henselae IgG serological test is used to detect the presence of IgG antibodies against the Bartonella henselae bacteria. This bacteria is the cause of Cat Scratch Disease (CSD).

The Bartonella henselae IgM serological test is used to detect the presence of IgM antibodies against the Bartonella henselae bacteria. This bacteria is the cause of Cat Scratch Disease (CSD).

. The anti-SLA/LP (Soluble Liver Antigen/Liver–Pancreas) test is a blood test used to help diagnose autoimmune hepatitis, a condition in which the immune system attacks the liver.
. This antibody is highly specific for autoimmune hepatitis and is particularly useful when other routine autoimmune markers are negative. A positive result strongly supports the diagnosis and can help doctors confirm the cause of ongoing liver inflammation and guide appropriate treatment and follow-up.